In old Korathian, there were two different types of passive voice. Each type was indicated by either the modifier ker or lin.
Ker- and lin- are modifiers that indicate the direction an action is going.
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In sentences which would otherwise be unclear, the ker- modifier was added to show the action is being directed towards the subject. The ker- modifier usually appeared only with strong action words or fighting words.
The lin- modifier is not clearly understood by scholars. Most agree it was either added to indicate that the subject of the sentence was preforming the action, or was indicative of a more traditionally reflexive verb; today, it is assumed that action, unless otherwise specified, is not directed towards the speaker.
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For an example, examine the sentence in English, “The food was eaten.”
In this sentence, it is clear the food was eaten by an unidentified acting being. However, in Korathasesu, the sentence is “[Eset] liiran liiranarkabyn.”
This translates back literally to, “The food ate.”
The meaning of the sentence is very different. If this sentence was to be taken seriously, for instance, if the sentence refereed to a situation where ‘food’ is a animate being such as an animal, -ker -lin would have been used
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Eset liiran ker-liiranarkabyn.
- The food was eaten.
Eset liiran lin-liiranarkabyn.
- The food ate [something]
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Katepiir ker-opalakanark.
- It is read [by someone].
Katepiir lin-opalakanark.
- It reads.
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Iik ker-vasdiinark.
- I fight [something].
Iik lin-vasdiinark.
- I am fought.
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This structure allowed Korathae to quickly modify sentences to include other subjects. For instance…
Iik lin-vasdiinark iiriik
…translates to “I am fought by you.”. The structure for this sentence is SUBJECT-KER/LIN-ACTION-ACTIVE BEING.
However, today the -ker -lin modifiers are no longer in use. Korathaenem use active sentences. The would simply say “Iiriik vasdiinark iik.”